Compounding this is a dearth of up-and-coming
therapies. A
line of research that might translate to an effective
treatment --
within the lifetimes of those who attend this
Support Group --
is hard to spot. And the clock is ticking.
In AD/HD, a key tool has been pharmacology. Which, in
terms of efficacy, seems to have an upper limit set
by the
diffuse impact of whatever molecule is
selected. Genetic
research is now popular, but -- while this might aid
in drug
selection -- a direct payoff could be
decades away. The
same may be true of stem cell use.
Coincident with this has been the appearance, within
psychiatry, of a surgical technique known as
deep-brain
stimulation. In DBS -- a procedure not without risk,
and
not for the faint of heart, but sometimes used when
other
options fail -- an implanted electrical device sends
a
symptom-suppressing pulse to a selected brain
target.
DBS -- often compared to a cardiac pacemaker* -- is
approved for use in three neurological ailments:
essential
tremor, Parkinson's Disease, and primary generalized
dystonia.
It's also being tried for epilepsy, chronic
pain, high blood
pressure, low blood pressure, headache, multiple
sclerosis,
or states involving minimal consciousness. As well
as:
-- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
in which
repetitive, fear-provoking thoughts (obsessions)
create
the need for time-consuming -- and often pointless --
behaviors (compulsions). DBS has reduced both -- to
done well, the overall numbers are not as good as
they
might be. (Though perhaps they look
better for another
syndrome: Generalized Anxiety Disorder.) Meanwhile,
a search is underway for a new stimulation target.
-- Depression, a state of ongoing
-- and sometimes
crippling -- sadness or despair. With DBS, at least
three potential treatment avenues have emerged;
each seems to ease a different aspect of
the disorder.
target.
-- Tourette Syndrome (TS) consists
of sudden, repetitive,
involuntary movements or sounds. In selected
patients,
DBS has eased this type of
motor
"tic" [videos available
in two formats] or
vocal tic [click VIDEO]. While not every
story has been a happy one, and a preferred electrode
site
has yet to emerge, the issue is being pursued.**
These last three will form our topic for September
20.
earned a medical degree at New York's Albert Einstein
College of Medicine. After stints on the faculties of
three medical schools, Dr. Alterman now teaches at
Mount Sinai. There, he supervises the program which
includes DBS.
Dr. Alterman's concerns include cancer treatment,
aneuryism detection, and image-guided surgery. He
trained in DBS in the mid-1990s, and has published
about it since 1999; in particular, he's known as an
considered psychiatric applications, and is part of a
appearance before the Support Group.
* And sometimes confused with one of the following:
vagus nerve stimulation; dural ("cortical")
stimulation;
transcranial magnetic stimulation; transcranial
direct
current stimulation; or electroconvulsive therapy.
** Many who have TS also have some version of AD/HD.
Through the back door of a TS comorbidity, we now
have a
case study of DBS versus AD/HD-like symptoms. Reported:
a drop in hyperactivity; a rise in attentiveness;
improvements
in verbal reasoning, psychomotor speed, mental
flexibility,
and visual perception; a decline in memory
capability; and --
for whatever reason -- a 15-point jump in tested IQ.